A: Conductive substrates are typically structural concrete and metal. TruGround® conductive primer can be applied to non conductive substrates to enable electronic leak detection testing in new construction. Non conductive substrates include but are not limited to wood, OSB, coverboard, protection board, insulation and light weight concrete (LWC/LWIC). ASTM D8231-19 mandates that the substrate under the membrane must have a surface resistance of less than 10-4 ohms-per-square.